Beyond the Nuclear Family (25:00)
What is a family? The answer might have been easy a generation ago, but today a much wider range of possibilities exists. This program offers a thought-provoking look at the changing roles, structures, and functions of the family unit. Societal expectations, technological advancements, and changes in cultural and sexual diversity are explored. A range of emotional, environmental, economic, and health-related considerations are presented as further reasons for evolving family characteristics. The video presents four Australian case studies of family forms, including interviews with family members, as well as discussions of the future of the family. Viewable/printable educational resources are available online. (25 minutes)
Confronting Discrimination and Prejudice (37:00)
Encourage students to explore biases and stereotypes with this group of ABC News segments. Each scenario puts actors into exchanges with unwitting bystanders, generating a wide range of responses—from overt hostility towards other races and cultures to acts of genuine compassion. Scenes include a bakery clerk’s refusal to serve a Muslim woman wearing a headscarf; cruelty towards an overweight woman seated on a boardwalk; a very public argument that threatens to become violent; and a purse-snatching in a crowded square, after which witnesses are asked to view a suspect lineup. Repeating the two latter situations, producers achieve varying reactions among onlookers by switching the races of the actors. (37 minutes)
Divide of the Sexes: Gender Roles in Childhood (60:00)
Why do boys underachieve? How does celebrity culture influence the self-esteem of young girls? In an atmosphere dominated by sex and consumerism, are children growing up too quickly? This program addresses those issues, reporting on a group of 25 eight-year-olds as they adjust to gender roles and expectations. Nathan’s parents have gone all out to make sure he grows up without stereotypes—but real life isn’t that simple. Rhianna’s mother is the breadwinner and childcare provider in the family, while her father spends most of his time drinking. Meanwhile, tomboy Megan has taken an interest in the opposite sex, Helena has embraced her femininity, and Tyrese is displaying male aggression. A BBC/Open University Co-production. Original broadcast title: Divide of the Sexes. Part of the series Child of Our Time 2008. (60 minutes)
Happier Women: 25 Ways to Reduce Stress Video Clip Collection (53:00)
Now more than ever, career issues, family crises, and health problems can add up to an emotional overload. This collection of 25 video clips offers guidance, reassurance, and useful facts for busy women. With an average clip length of 90 seconds, the collection incorporates mini-case studies and commentary from experts—providing visual support for instructors and counselors who want to reach overworked, overscheduled learners. Video clips include… • What’s Causing Your Headache? Not all headaches are created equal. This clip describes various factors behind headaches, which many people often spend an entire lifetime battling. Causes include rheumatoid arthritis, sinus problems, high blood pressure, lung disorders, and even Lyme disease. • Extreme PMS: Despite the trials of PMS, some women live through something even worse: PMDD, or Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. This clip features a psychiatrist who works with women who suffer from PMDD and wants them to know that it’s not in their heads. • Stress and Diabetes: New research finds major stress in a mother’s life can make her children more prone to Type One diabetes. This clip features a doctor who studies insulin resistance and stress hormone production during pregnancy. • Burned Out to Fired Up! Burnout: it’s a real threat to working women and can quickly end promising careers. This clip highlights women who, facing job burnout, made life-changing transitions into successful, fulfilling livelihoods. • Depressed at Work: Mentally and physically debilitating, depression has a huge impact on business and the workforce. This clip looks at ways to combat it, from setting work limits to the use of a vagus nerve stimulator—a pacemaker-like device implanted near the collarbone. • The Quest for Rest: Tired of Being Tired? Millions of Americans have a sleep disorder and don’t even know it. This clip looks at four women in four different stages of life to find out what’s keeping them up—and what can help them sleep. • Is Your Commute Killing You? Drivers in Los Angeles spend an average of 90 minutes sucking in diesel fumes and “ultra-fine particles” every day. This clip highlights the dangers of UFPs and their link to increased risk of heart attacks and strokes. • Blood Pressure: Lower Yours: About 70 million Americans have high blood pressure—but many don’t realize it because the symptoms are so subtle. This clip studies the problem and suggests ways to lower blood pressure by losing weight, reducing stress, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol. • Care for Caregivers: Unpaid home caregivers—the unsung heroes of medicine. This clip focuses on support and guidance for caregivers. Featured tips include taking time to rest, maintaining dialog with the patient, watching for signs of depression, and letting the sick make decisions. • State of Mind: Are You Happy? In the 1970s, women reported being happier than men. Today, the roles are reversing. This clip looks at the happiness gap and features a doctor who promotes four “rational values” that lead to happiness: romance, career, family, and self. • State of Mind: Health and Happiness: Is a bad mood bad for the body? This clip points to research linking state-of-mind with state-of-health. The study found that happy people exposed to cold and flu viruses were one-third less likely to develop a cold than their more negative counterparts. • State of Mind: Path to True Happiness: Research suggests that Americans are among the most depressed people in the world—but a town 70 miles north of Manhattan is clearly an exception. This clip visits Pawling, New York, home of the Norman Vincent Peale Center—a bastion of positive thinking. • Can Your Friends Make You Fat? The dangers of secondhand smoke are clear, but what about second-hand fat? This clip highlights a study in the New England Journal of Medicine that says friends and acquaintances may exert a powerful influence on weight gain or loss. • Job Promotions: From Stressed to Best: A recent study ranks job promotion as a top source of stress. This clip points out the dangers of taking a sink-or-swim approach to career advancement. Upwardly mobile viewers are encouraged to build an open and honest dialog with their employers. • Eco-Anxiety: Food, water, and energy shortages aren’t just geopolitical issues—they have a psychological impact. This clip examines a disturbing mental health issue: fear and panic over the environment. A therapist who deals with eco-anxiety is featured. • Healthy Workplaces: Workout at Work: Keeping employees healthy and productive is a priority for well-run businesses. This clip looks at companies that have implemented health initiatives, such as fitness centers and workout classes offered on-site, during business hours. • Quit Smoking Diet: Could what you eat actually help you stop smoking? This clip emphasizes the role of diet for those who want to give up tobacco. Viewers meet a psychologist who believes smoking and eating go hand-in-hand. • Women and Hair Loss: It’s a problem many women don’t talk about. This clip introduces a variety of therapies to help women rebuild hair volume, including laser stimulation that causes hair to grow. A physician who treats the problem is featured. • Postpartum Depression: Thousands of women suffer from postpartum depression without even realizing it. This clip presents doctors who say it’s time for the government to step in—citing a need for mandatory postpartum depression screening. • Stressed Out! Hurried Woman Syndrome: Can a hectic lifestyle lead to a dangerous illness? This clip looks at what’s being called Hurried Woman Syndrome. Viewers are reminded of the right ways (prioritizing, focusing on health) and wrong ways (alcohol, smoking, overeating, denial) to deal with stress. • Stressed Out! Top 10 Stress Busters: To build a stress-beating strategy, this clip suggests yoga and meditation; diaphragmatic breathing; supplements like kava, valerian, and St. John’s wort; taking a vacation; leisure activities; a strong social network; focusing on one’s own needs; and more. • Birthdays Without Pressure: No more birthday parties that max out credit cards—and stress levels. This clip highlights a growing movement aimed at stopping extravagant birthday bashes for kids. Viewers are given suggestions for keeping celebrations low-key and low-pressure. • Moms: Expect the Unexpected: Child injuries of one kind or another are inevitable, but they can be minimized. This clip shows smart methods of accident prevention. For effective childproofing, viewers are encouraged to view surroundings from a child’s point of view. • Clutter Control: Bills, credit card offers, magazines, junk mail—without vigilance and organization, it all leads to clutter. This clip presents the story of one mother who decided to take control, making good use of closets, storage boxes, cabinets, and the recycling bin. • 6 Mistakes in the Gym: Can a workout actually do harm? This clip points out six gym mistakes and how to fix them. Errors include poor stretching, refusing to take a break, leaning on the treadmill, too much intensity, gorging on energy bars and sports drinks, and working out seven days a week. (53 minutes)
Homelessness: The “Housing First” Approach (23:00)
By 2015, homelessness may be a thing of the past in Portland, Oregon. Taking a “housing first” stance, Portland has reversed the cause-and-effect approach to urban renewal by first securing homes for its homeless residents and then helping them solve the problems that made them homeless to begin with. In this program, Victoria, British Columbia, applies Portland’s public policy to its own homeless population. Can the comprehensive and collaborative Portland model be transplanted to this once-quaint seaside city and restore the dignity and stability of its dispossessed? (23 minutes)
Prejudice: More Than Black and White (35:00)
Muslims, blacks, gays, people with disabilities, and immigrants of every ethnicity and color: they and many other groups have stood in the spotlight glare of intolerance, easy targets for every sort of discrimination and violence. What makes people prone to irrational hate, and what steps can individuals and society take to eradicate it? In this program, psychology professors Susan Fiske, of Princeton University, and Mahzarin Banaji, of Harvard University; representatives of the Council on American-Islamic Relations and other pro-tolerance groups; and victims of prejudice share their insights and experiences. A pro-gay Baptist minister who formerly took a biblical stance against homosexuality and an ex-Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan who now speaks out for tolerance also offer their views. Contains inflammatory language and images. Recommended for grades 9-college. A Films for the Humanities & Sciences Production. (35 minutes)
Black Death in Dixie: Racism and the Death Penalty in the United States (26:00)
Challenging viewers to look beyond mainstream media treatment of the death penalty, this program portrays capital punishment as a blunt instrument that disproportionately targets racial minorities and the poor. The film highlights several difficult issues, concepts, and social conditions—including statistics on the racial makeup of America’s death row population; questionable convictions resulting from mistaken identification; the emotional and psychological toll on those wrongfully convicted; and the lingering effects of the Jim Crow era—or what many have called America’s 20th-century apartheid system—in which lynching functioned as de facto capital punishment. (26 minutes)
Anti-Semitism in the 21st Century: The Resurgence—Educator’s Edition (58:00)
Although hatred of the Jewish people is often found at the margins of society, anti-Semitism appears to be approaching a groundswell in many parts of the world. This program examines the phenomenon at institutional and grassroots levels, focusing primarily on the Middle East and the complex history behind its conflicts. Viewers will encounter several provocative ideas about Islamic anti-Semitism and the attitudes Jews and Muslims have developed concerning each other. Celebrated historian Bernard Lewis, former Israeli Prime Minister Natan Sharansky, Iranian-American author Reza Aslan, Egyptian journalist Mona Eltahawy, and other experts propel this timely discussion. Narrated by veteran TV journalist Judy Woodruff. Bonus material (DVD only) features extended interview footage. (57 minutes + 45 minutes of bonus material)
Beyond the Nuclear Family (25:00)
What is a family? The answer might have been easy a generation ago, but today a much wider range of possibilities exists. This program offers a thought-provoking look at the changing roles, structures, and functions of the family unit. Societal expectations, technological advancements, and changes in cultural and sexual diversity are explored. A range of emotional, environmental, economic, and health-related considerations are presented as further reasons for evolving family characteristics. The video presents four Australian case studies of family forms, including interviews with family members, as well as discussions of the future of the family. Viewable/printable educational resources are available online. (25 minutes)
Down . . . But Not Out! A Look at Situational Poverty (56:00)
For many Americans, the threat of sudden poverty has less to do with the nation’s overall economy than it does with personal circumstances. This program discusses the hard facts of situational poverty with a focus on the four most common triggers: job loss, the fastest way to become impoverished; health issues, such as severe injury or long-term illness; the loss of a spouse through divorce or death; and natural disasters. The program also talks about where to turn to for help and provides supportive words of hope. People in the grip of situational poverty may be down, but they aren’t out! (55 minutes)
Sexual Stereotypes in the Media (38:00)
Categorizing others is a part of human nature, and even as infants we divide the world into two groups—male and female—to help organize our reality. But when these stereotypes are used to make assumptions about a person’s character and value, they become gender bias or outright sexism. This program illustrates some of the commercial, cultural, psychological, and sociological forces that have shaped sexual stereotypes in the media, such as demographic segmentation and the selling of gender, the myths of alluring femininity and rugged masculinity, Jungian personality archetypes, consensus reality, stereotype threat, the hegemonic forces of agenda-setting and mainstreaming, body image dysfunctions, and the theory of the male gaze. A Films for the Humanities & Sciences Production. (38 minutes)
Advertisers and Feminism (02:41)
Feminist movements of the 20th century were powerful efforts to challenge male-dominated society and hegemony. The Virginia Slims campaign was one of the first overt efforts to appeal to the "new woman."
HIV & Me: Fear, Ignorance, and Education (60:00)
Among new HIV cases, heterosexual patients are the majority—and high-risk behavior appears to be on the rise in many young demographic groups. What does this tell us about evolving attitudes toward AIDS? How do factors such as immigration, cultural tradition, economic disparity, and government inaction come into play? Writer and actor Stephen Fry pushes for answers, infusing this program with equal parts curiosity and outrage. Fry surveys carefree London clubbers about condom use and, traversing the U.K., examines the perception of HIV/AIDS among gays and straights alike. After meeting a British woman infected by her Ghanaian partner, Fry journeys to South Africa to confront that nation’s obfuscating AIDS policies. Contains mature themes and occasional explicit language and imagery. (60 minutes)
Inside a Shari’ah Court (53:00)
Some democratic governments have considered allowing Muslim communities to conduct their own courts of law, or Shari’ah courts. Westerners who oppose such measures cite reports of amputation and stoning wherever Shari’ah has taken hold. This program travels to Nigeria, where Shari’ah law functions alongside the secular court system. Spotlighting an outspoken judge determined to convey the benefits of Islamic law, the film presents cases, verdicts, and sentences that clearly illustrate ways in which Shari’ah is implemented. Although the attitudes of local women toward the court may surprise some viewers, the film pulls no punches in its examination of the precarious rights of women under Shari’ah. Portions are in other languages with English subtitles. A BBC Production. (52 minutes)
Menopause: HRT and Other Treatments (26:00)
It’s a life change that every woman faces. Unfortunately, menopause can lead to serious medical issues such as brittle bones, mood disorders, and sexual dysfunction. This program explains the biological changes that take place in the female body during menopause and assesses the potential of hormone replacement therapy, or HRT. It also examines findings on possible links between HRT and the risk of cancer and heart disease, while outlining alternatives to HRT and other treatment options. Case studies shed light on the human and medical dimensions of menopause. Commentary comes from Dr. Lila Nachtigall of the NYU School of Medicine and Dr. Hugh Taylor of the Yale School of Medicine. (26 minutes)
Native American Religions (28:00)
In this program, Dennis Wholey has a conversation about Native American religions with Suzan Shown Harjo, executive director of The Morning Star Institute in Washington, D.C. Topics of discussion include the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978; some common aspects of the approximately 300 remaining Native American religions being practiced in the U.S. today; the concepts of a supreme being and associated sacred beings as they exist in Native American culture; the prophecies of the Cheyenne prophet Sweet Medicine and the historical impact of North America’s settlers on the land’s indigenous peoples; and the pressing need for all Americans, non-native and native alike, to create a better future together. (27 minutes)
Rocking the Cradle: Gay Parenting (38:00)
Prior to the 1960s, the idea of same-sex parenting had yet to reach the consciousness of most Americans. The majority of gays and lesbians did not even consider parenting, fearing the stigma their children might face. By 2000, however, the U.S. Census Bureau indicates that a full one-third of lesbian couples and roughly a quarter of gay male couples had opted to become parents. This program captures six gay/lesbian families in their day-to-day lives. Two of these families are families by adoption, two are co-parenting families, and two are lesbian families by insemination. Man-on-the-street interviews as well as emotional testimonials from the 15 adults and 11 children featured in this film provide a range of perspectives on gay parenting. A viewable/printable instructor’s guide is available online. (38 minutes)
A Savage Legacy: Apartheid, Jim Crow, and Racism Today (54:00)
Did racist atrocities in the 19th and 20th centuries bring Western society to an ethical and ideological turning point? Or has racial oppression simply assumed other, more insidious forms? Pursuing answers, this program focuses on a pattern of segregation and genocide evident in King Leopold’s Belgian Congo rampages, South Africa’s apartheid rule, the terrorism of Jim Crow, and less obvious examples that persist in today’s global community. Several renowned authors, including Dr. Michael Eric Dyson of Georgetown University, Dr. Manning Marable of Columbia, and Dr. Kwame Anthony Appiah of Princeton, contribute expert commentary. Contains graphically violent imagery, footage, and reenactments. Original BBC broadcast title: A Savage Legacy. (53 minutes)
Teens Hooked on Porn (57:00)
Whether they live in America, Britain, or elsewhere, most teenage boys have been exposed to some form of pornography. But the Internet has radically escalated that exposure—to the point at which many adolescents are addicted. This program follows the stories of teenage porn addicts as they struggle with the issues that drive their behavior—although not all are open to soul-searching. Darryl, age 17, doesn’t think he has a problem, but 16-year-old Malcolm has recognized his addiction and has begun seeing a therapist. Colin, age 14 and a devout Christian, needs help too but is unsure about approaching his pastor. All of their stories are tied together by issues of anger, aggression, and inhibition, and raise questions about the role of parents. A BBCW Production. (57 minutes)
Who Owns America? Economic Crisis in the United States (58:00)
The United States, the world’s strongest economic power, is also the world’s largest debtor nation. Will America’s ever-increasing trade imbalance and economic deficit trigger a global economic calamity? This program travels from East Coast to West via the Rust Belt to check the financial pulse of the nation—and to capture in images the reality of an economic system spinning out of control. Nobel Laureate Joseph Stiglitz, economists Paul Krugman and Mark Brenner, and Harvard’s Kenneth Rogoff as well as students buried in debt and skilled laborers who have lost their pensions give their points of view on topics such as the pernicious use of government debt to pay for tax cuts; the $4-billion-per-week war in Iraq; the off-shoring of mortgage debt to China; Wall Street’s love of lean production and its negative impact on the manufacturing sector; the unwelcome necessity of student loans in the face of a faltering job market; consumerism based on overextended lines of credit; and the steadily falling median income. (Portions in French with English subtitles, 58 minutes)
Borderless: The Lives of Undocumented Workers (27:00)
How much do American and Canadian citizens really understand about the personal, social, and economic struggles of undocumented workers? This program deepens that understanding, providing an intimate look inside the lives of two non-status migrant laborers. Geraldo, a Costa Rican construction worker, and Angela, a Caribbean domestic employee, describe their experiences with labor exploitation and restrictive immigration laws, as well as their separation from children and family—poignantly conveyed through telephone calls home. Humanizing an often-invisible workforce, the program exposes some of the hidden costs of sustaining the “first world” economy. (27 minutes)
Born with a Wooden Spoon: Welcome to Poverty U.S.A. (60:00)
The United States continues to be the wealthiest country in the world, yet one in eight Americans—approximately 37 million people—live below the poverty line. This program analytically and sympathetically discusses the effects and implications of poverty, examining factors such as illiteracy, insufficient job skills, substance abuse, and crime. The phenomenon of multigenerational poverty is also addressed, underscoring the disturbing pattern of poverty begetting poverty. Interviews with impoverished people and those who reach out to them put a human face on a demographic group that lives below the radar of wealthy and middle-class Americans. (60 minutes)
Bully Girls (20:00)
Traditionally, bullying has meant physical intimidation and violence—and in the past was considered a problem only among boys. But experts are finding that girls can perpetuate bullying as well, although it often takes place on more subtle or secretive levels. This program focuses on increasing awareness of bullying among girls and educating viewers about how, when, and why it occurs. Understanding the difference between teasing and bullying, identifying specific female bullying techniques and tactics, recognizing warning signals that help is needed, knowing the best ways to report incidents, and getting school officials involved to combat the problem are all subjects thoroughly explored in the video. A viewable/printable instructor’s guide is available online. Correlates to all applicable state and national standards. A Meridian Production. (20 minutes)
Cyberbullying: Cruel Intentions (41:00)
The teenage years have always been tough—but digital technology has raised the dangers of the social battlefield to a whole new level. This ABC News program reports on how cell phones, digital cameras, and personal Web sites encourage and amplify the frequent cruelty of teen behavior. With the help of an experiment conducted by Brigham Young University child development researchers, the program analyzes the behavior of a group of teenage girls as they use online verbal innuendos and emotional attacks to vie for attention and create a social hierarchy. The program also looks at the difficulties parents face in monitoring what kids do on the Internet. (40 minutes)
The Difference Between Men and Women (37:00)
Men don’t listen. Women can’t read maps. Men snore more. Women are less likely to have affairs. Should those statements be dismissed as stereotypes, or can we point to tangible discrepancies—behaviorally and neurologically speaking—along gender lines? This ABC News program explores sex differences and the brain circuitry behind them. Presenting an interview with Dr. Louann Brizendine, author of the controversial book The Female Brain, the program covers such provocative topics as teen brain chemistry and development, the ways that sex is discussed in “mixed company,” and the powerful hormones brought on by motherhood. Renowned transgender neurobiologist Ben Barres is also featured. (37 minutes)
Hooked: America on Meth (11:00)
A rising number of American children under the age of 18 are experimenting with methamphetamines. In Montana, meth addiction has become the No. 1 drug problem. This ABC News program reports on the Montana Meth Project, an organization undertaking an aggressive plan to “unsell” meth—with an ad campaign designed to frighten Montana’s youth into avoiding the drug. Highlighting the campaign’s gritty imagery and language involving prison, rape, and prostitution, the report includes information on the project’s financing, how the ads play out in Montana’s teen demographic, and the need for long-term antidrug programs. (11 minutes)
Missing Women: Female-Selective Abortion and Infanticide (54:00)
In India, Pakistan, and China, being born a girl can be an instant death sentence. This program—winner of the Albert Londres Prize, France’s highest award for journalism—unflinchingly examines the cultural, economic, and political reasons for the systematic elimination of females in Asia and considers the implications of the dramatic demographic disruption that will likely occur as a result of this growing imbalance between the sexes. The use of amniocentesis and ultrasound scans to identify female fetuses for abortion is investigated, as are the practices of newborn abandonment and infanticide by a parent or a hired baby girl killer. (54 minutes)
Integration: Complying with Brown in 1957 (31:00)
In 1957, the eyes of America were on Little Rock, where the compulsory desegregation of Central High School was front-page news. But what about the broader picture? How successful had integration efforts in the South been in the three years following the Brown decision? This program, filmed in that year, brings together a panel of newsmen from the Southern Education Reporting Service to assess—against the backdrop of anti-integration violence—the overall progress being made in complying with the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling. Produced by CBS NEWS. (31 minutes, b&w)
Unequal Education (40:00)
This program with Bill Moyers compares the everyday experiences of two New York City middle school students and contrasts political rhetoric with the reality of American schooling. A profile of the two students and their different schools points out the inequalities of our current system and how disproportionate funding affects the quality of education. The program also features advocates for educational reform, who debate what the Democratic and Republican parties can do to improve schools. Among those interviewed are John Chubb, author of Politics, Markets, and America’s Schools, and Jonathan Kozol, author of Savage Inequalities. (40 minutes)
Sugar and Spice: The Facts Behind Sex Differences (51:00)
Even during the first moments of life, baby girls and boys already behave differently. Combining case histories and scientific analysis, this program argues that the mixture of hormones in the womb “hardwires” the brain with a sex-aligned signature before birth, causing it to become distinctly female or male—or a mixture of both. (51 minutes)
Hispanic Americans: One or Many Cultures? (44:00)
Anglo-Americans tend to lump Hispanics together, forgetting that the category covers a wide range of cultural backgrounds. Mexican culture is different from Puerto Rican culture, and so on. In this program, three Hispanic Americans—New York Justice Frank Torres, a Puerto Rican; Cuban-born former Miami mayor Xavier Suarez; and Mexican restaurateur Gordino Velasco—discuss what unites and divides the various groups. The Puerto Rican perception of themselves as voting residents of a U.S. commonwealth is compared to the first-generation Cuban perception of themselves as Cuban citizens in exile. Velasco discusses problems related to Mexican immigration in California. Journalist Felipe Luciano stresses the importance of voting as a means of achieving common political goals. Hosted by actor Hector Elizondo. (44 minutes)
Violence Against Women (46:00)
The secrecy surrounding domestic violence is the focus of this program. Hosted by a policewoman and a television news anchor, it contains stories of hope for women who are currently in violent relationships, and provides valuable information on how to leave an abusive partner. Specific information is included on speaking out, having a plan, when to leave, where to go, the legal aspects, getting help for abusers, and how to protect and counsel children who live in violent homes. (46 minutes)
Affirmative Action: The History of an Idea (56:00)
Critics of affirmative action say that it pits Americans against each other and elevates the importance of race, gender, and ethnicity at the expense of hard work and merit. Supporters claim that discrimination remains pervasive in the U.S. and that the government must continue to play a role in aiding minorities and women. This program explores the historical roots of affirmative action and the debate over its usefulness. The program looks at several different affirmative action programs, from the University of California, Berkeley, where the university struggles with how to maintain diversity without minority preferences, to the city of Chicago, whose affirmative action programs for its police and fire departments have been challenged. The program includes archival footage and features interviews with a wide array of academic scholars. (56 minutes)
Facing Racism (57:00)
This emotionally charged program follows five participants of different ethnic and racial backgrounds through a three-day Unlearning Racism workshop. As the workshop begins, a European-American man offends his African-American workshop partner by making a joke during a one-on-one dialogue. The incident sparks anger among African-American participants, who openly confront the offender. White participants in the workshop express their frustration over their inability to understand the reactions of the people of color. The five main participants later meet to reflect on the honest sharing of feelings that took place during the workshop. This program represents both a strong statement on the complex issues surrounding racism and an honest depiction of the difficulties involved in resolving them. (57 minutes)
The Poisoned Dream: The Love Canal Nightmare (48:00)
In 1980, three frustrated mothers made American history by taking federal officials hostage in the community built on the site of New York’s toxic Love Canal. In this riveting exposé, the three activists—Lois Gibbs, Barbara Quimby, and Patti Grenzy—and research scientist Dr. Beverly Paigen, who staunchly stood by the residents, discuss their volatile four-year political battle to have the entire community evacuated. Archival footage of President Jimmy Carter, Jane Fonda, government officials, and residents who were on the scene convey the urgency of America’s first headline eco-disaster. (48 minutes)
Family (53:00)
From prehistoric extended families to today’s double-income and single-parent families, the family as an institution has undergone dramatic change. This program examines the concept of family as viewed around the world and down through time. Historians André Burguière and Pieter Spierenburg; authors Beatrice Gottlieb and Hélène Tremblay; Henri Leridon, of the Institute for Demographic Studies; and Egyptologist Florence Maruejol discuss family structure in agrarian societies, life in a polygamous family, the practice of infanticide, the effects of the Industrial Revolution, the impact of the Baby Boom, the upsurge in generational alienation, the impact of divorce, and other topics. (53 minutes)
Female Circumcision: Human Rites (40:00)
This program documents the ritual of female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision, practiced among some African groups; explores its roots in myth; and discusses movements under way to ban the practice. Interviews with anti-circumcision activists, including medical personnel, describe the health ramifications, including hemorrhage, infection, and painful sex. Victims discuss both the physical and emotional pain of circumcision, and both males and females discuss why they support or reject circumcision as a valid cultural practice. Graphic scenes of an actual female circumcision are shown. (40 minutes)
Gender Biology: Men and Women Really Are Different (22:00)
Apart from the reproductive system, how else are women anatomically different from men? And how do physiological differences influence how the female body reacts to diseases and medications? Enhanced by 3-D graphics, this program explores the emerging field of gender-based biology. Officers of the Society for the Advancement of Women’s Health Research and the Partnership for Women’s Health at Columbia discuss the possibility of gender-specific medications, new studies being done on heart disease and osteoporosis, and other topics. The Women’s Health Initiative, a pathophysiological study of postmenopausal women, is also featured. (22 minutes)
Hate Groups USA (48:00)
Using the shocking racist murder of James Byrd as a starting point, this disturbing program investigates America’s proliferating hate groups. The KKK’s Charles Lee; the founder of Aryan Nations and his successor, Pastor Neumann Britton; and William Pierce, head of the National Alliance and author of The Turner Diaries, calmly proclaim their chilling views on "racial patriotism" and "positive hate." Countering, Julian Bond, of the NAACP; Irv Rubin, national chairman of the Jewish Defense League; Robert Blitzer, bureau chief of the FBI’s domestic terrorism unit; and others explore the mentality of intolerance, abetted by the subversive Christian Identity movement. Original BBC broadcast title: Heart of Darkness. (48 minutes)
Marriage (53:00)
An institution supported by religious and civil authorities, marriage bestows both freedoms and restraints designed to promote social stability. But as divorce rates continue to soar, is marriage getting a bad name? In this program, author Sabine Da Costa and anthropologists Helen Fisher, of Rutgers University, and Peter Lovell, of the University of New Brunswick, track the development of marriage, from ancient times to the current day. Specific topics include cohabitation; arranged marriages; betrothal; dowry; the wedding ceremony; endogamy and exogamy; monogamy, polygamy, and polyandry; same-sex marriages; divorce; and remarriage. (53 minutes)
Toward a Better Death (27:00)
This informative program explores the choices open to terminally ill patients and their families, presenting the options available for comfortable end-of-life care that attends to physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. Medical experts and caregivers discuss the difficult choices that arise, including the moral and legal controversies and medical options available when a cure is no longer an option. Important information about living wills and health care proxies is also provided. (27 minutes)
Understanding Healthy Relationships and Sexuality (29:00)
This program furnishes background on the issues of sexual expression, preference, and choice and sensitively identifies the characteristics of the sexually healthy adult. Topics under discussion include different types of relationships, factors that influence the formation and maintenance of relationships, and social and psychological perspectives on people as sexual beings. (29 minutes)
Was Malthus Right? Population and Resources in the 21st Century (27:00)
The dire prediction by controversial economist Thomas Malthus that the world’s expanding population would swiftly outrun its food supply has not come to fruition—yet. In this program, demographer Paul Demeny, of the Population Council; Walter Reid, of the World Resources Institute; and Max Singer, co-founder of the Hudson Institute, join Ben Wattenberg, of the American Enterprise Institute, in debating issues such as the powerful influence of technology in refuting Malthus’ theory, population projections for the 21st century, and the very real economic and physical aspects of resource depletion. (27 minutes)
A History of Social Classes (53:00)
Marx divided the industrial world into two antagonistic classes: the bourgeois and the proletariat. In today’s society, this simple dichotomy fails to capture the many segments of a global marketplace. From the communal hunter/gatherers and agrarian cultures; to ancient empires and medieval fiefdoms; to the technocrats, executives, laborers, and others of the stratified modern world, this program examines how each era has organized its members into social classes. Although the opportunistic meritocracy of the global marketplace has displaced earlier societal models, do older patterns of privilege still linger? (53 minutes)
Is Feminism Dead? (29:00)
Years after the women’s movement burst open doors of opportunity that had long been barred, a new generation of women seems to be questioning the meaning and the value of the battles fought by their mothers and grandmothers. Has feminism somehow gone out of style? In this program, Patricia Ireland, of NOW; Phyllis Schlafly, of the Eagle Forum; Ellen Goodman, of The Boston Globe; Dr. bell hooks, of CUNY’s English department; Dr. Tessie Liu, of Northwestern University’s history and gender identity departments; and Dr. Martha Wharton, of The Ohio State University’s departments of African-American studies and women’s studies, appraise the women’s movement as it currently exists and discuss its relevance in today’s cultural climate. (29 minutes)
Liar, Liar, Pants on Fire (30:00)
This program takes a penetrating look at what is happening to American culture as honesty comes to be measured less by truthfulness and more by the reasons for lying and the degree of deception involved. What is to become of a society in which professional ethicists are required to help companies recapture a culture of integrity, a role previously reserved for religion? Experts include Laura Nash, Director of the Institute for Values-Centered Leadership; L. Gregory Jones, Dean of the Duke Divinity School; and Professor Jeffrey Abramson, author of We the Jury. (29 minutes)
The Sexes (53:00)
From childhood on, biological and social factors combine to shape an individual’s sexual identity. In this program, Ruben Gur, Professor of Neuropsychology at the University of Pennsylvania; sociologist Rhoda Reddock, of the University of the West Indies; philosopher Elisabeth Badinter; historians Arlette Farge and Jennifer Stoddart; and others evaluate gender-related behavioral models from a variety of times and places, ranging from ancient Babylon to the contemporary U.S. Other topics include the shifts in female status that have accompanied society’s evolution from hunter/gatherers, to farmers, to industrialists. (53 minutes)
Accepting Life’s Transitions (29:00)
Aging is a series of transitions, some gradual and some abrupt. How do people come to terms with these changes? This program examines the aging process from beginning to end, defining age from the viewpoints of biology, psychology, society, functionality, and the law. The impact of current behaviors and attitudes on one’s future self is also discussed, as well as dying—itself a part of life—and the stages of grieving. In addition, the program addresses the health challenges faced by older Americans and indicates why some seniors cope better than others. (29 minutes)
Boy or Girl? When Doctors Choose a Child’s Sex (15:00)
What is to be done when chromosomal abnormalities or an accident leave a baby with what is known as "ambiguous genitalia"? In this program, ABC News correspondent Dr. Nancy Snyderman investigates the once-accepted belief that surgical sex assignment would determine gender in such cases. The studies of Johns Hopkins child psychiatrist William Reiner and pioneering medical researcher Milton Diamond—plus testimony from the man known to medical literature as John/Joan—argue that gender comes from the brain, not the body, and that no operation can alter that basic fact. Some content may be objectionable. (15 minutes)
Dying with Dignity: The Sun City Choice (15:00)
In this program, NewsHour correspondent Susan Dentzer reports on life and death in Sun City, Arizona, a vibrant retirement community where hospice is the preferred form of end-of-life care. Dartmouth Medical School’s John Wennberg and others consider the desire of many senior citizens with terminal illnesses to make peace with death rather than fight it. They also confront the fact that statistics show no direct correlation between costly ICU interventions and patient longevity. As America’s elderly population doubles over the next 35 years, will more seniors opt for meeting the end in the Sun City way? (15 minutes)
Elder Abuse: America’s Growing Crime (16:00)
It has been estimated that 1.5 million elder Americans suffer neglect, mistreatment, and even financial exploitation at the hands of their own families. In this program, ABC News correspondents Diane Sawyer and Marti Emerald probe what is quickly becoming the fastest-growing family crime in the U.S. Together they investigate several cases of elder abuse and examine the efforts of crusaders such as the members of the ground-breaking Fiduciary Abuse Specialist Team, a volunteer network of social workers, bankers, lawyers, doctors, and police personnel who seek out evidence of financially abused senior citizens. (16 minutes)
Living Longer … Aging Well (29:00)
Although many cultures venerate their elders, looking to them as living repositories of wisdom and experience, America, with its "forever young" self-image, does not. Lacking societal support, how are Americans supposed to age well—to grow older with grace and understanding—and make life’s final decades a meaningful experience? This program features the stories of exemplary individuals who, despite the inhospitable social climate, are growing older with courage and dignity. (29 minutes)
Living Longer … Living Better? (29:00)
Thanks to recent advances in medicine, longevity is on the rise. But will America’s youth-oriented society finally develop the maturity to respect its elders? And will the Medicare and Social Security infrastructures be able to meet the needs of the Baby Boomers? In this program, experts including medical ethicist David Solomon, the directors of the Aging with Dignity Institute and the Forever Learning Institute, and the author of Another Country…Navigating the Emotional Terrain of Elders examine these and other pressing quality-of-life questions. (29 minutes)
Substance Abuse in the Elderly (29:00)
Faced with complex regimens of medication and diminished tolerances for alcohol, many elderly Americans run the risk of falling into the trap of substance abuse. In this program from The Doctor Is In, senior citizens discuss how they deal with these challenges, while Dr. James Campbell, director of the geriatric center at MetroHealth Medical Center, and Carol Colleran Egan, director of older adult services for Hanley-Hazelden Center, present some innovative programs created especially for elderly people. A Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Production. (30 minutes)
Caregiving (26:00)
Every day, 25 million Americans provide care for loved ones. This program, hosted by NewsHour’s Ray Suarez, looks at the rich rewards and wisdom that often attend such care, as well as at the hard work that home healthcare entails. Drawing on the direct experience of family members and others, including author Beth Witrogen McLeod—whose book Caregiving, the Spiritual Journey of Love, Loss, and Renewal was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize—the program also offers caregiving advice and information that is both practical and profound. (26 minutes)
Difficult Decisions: When a Loved One Approaches Death (26:00)
When a loved one’s fate lies in another’s hands, the decisions can be overwhelming. This program, hosted by NewsHour’s Ray Suarez, follows two families as they grapple with life-and-death decisions inside an ICU. A doctor, an ethicist, and others help these families through the process of making decisions on behalf of those who are no longer able to communicate their wishes. La Vera Crawley, of Stanford University’s bioethics department, helps the families better understand the difficult decisions they are expected to make. (26 minutes)
Considering Reparations: Paying the Debt for Slavery (11:00)
In addition to harming those directly enslaved, slavery in America has stigmatized all black Americans and deeply wounded a nation committed to providing liberty and justice for all. This highly charged yet balanced NewsHour program broaches the subject of social and financial reparations for descendants of African-American slaves. Representative John Conyers (D-MI), the introducer of reparation legislation to Congress; proponent Lerone Bennett, author of Forced into Glory; dissenter Walter Williams, of George Mason University; and others talk about the horrors of slavery, post-traumatic slavery syndrome, and forms of reparation. (11 minutes)
Relative Values (16:00)
In Tunisia, a home for the elderly is quite unusual since most older people are automatically cared for by their families. This program explores how Tunisia, both as a state and a culture, negotiates the task of providing for its growing senior population, a task many Tunisians see as illustrative of key differences between European and Arab values. Along with a tour of a home for the elderly in Tunis, the program canvasses the views of younger people who are now responsible for the well-being of parents or grandparents. A United Nations Production. (16 minutes)
Sexual Stereotypes (19:00)
More than ever before, Americans are being bombarded—and acculturated—by the media, and only discerning individuals will recognize the sexual biases that all too often are a part of each day’s worth of information and entertainment. This program focuses on identifying and looking beyond categorical stereotypes of women, men, gays, and lesbians. A Cambridge Educational Production. (25 minutes)
All about Boys (22:00)
This video analyzes the links between biological and cultural development in boys, and addresses problems—such as Attention Deficit Disorder and behavioral difficulties in schools—that tend to involve boys. (22 minutes)
All about Girls (22:00)
This video explores conflicting definitions of femininity and what it means to be a girl, and discusses how parents can help their daughters grow into healthy and well-adjusted adults. (22 minutes)
Body Image for Boys (19:00)
As the idealized male physique continues to be hyped in movies, on TV, in magazines, and on billboards, a rapidly growing number of men are becoming obsessed with appearance. Each year alone, they spend billions on gym memberships and home exercise equipment—and women are no longer alone in battling anorexia and body dysmorphic disorder. This topical program explores some of the issues facing young men today as they struggle to define themselves amidst the flood of media-generated images of male physical perfection. Experts including Divya Kakaiya, the visionary founder and clinical director of the Healthy Within treatment center; Leigh Cohn, co-author of the seminal Making Weight: Men’s Conflicts with Food, Weight, Shape, and Appearance; and UCLA Healthcare sports medicine physician Gary Green as well as a number of young patients grapple with problems such as steroid abuse, eating disorders, exercise addiction, and phony food supplements. A viewable/printable instructor’s guide is available online. A Cambridge Educational Production. (18 minutes)
Deepest Desires (49:00)
What conditions of physical attraction tend to subtly speak out to members of the opposite sex? Why is there typically a fundamental difference in attitudes between men and women toward sexual relations? What physiological factors can influence men and women to stray from their partners? This program seeks to answer those and other questions as it sheds light on the mystery of sexual attraction. The relationships between pheromones and an attractive immune system, status symbols and marital appeal, and ovulation and facial feature preference are also explored. Contains clinically explicit language. A BBCW Production. (49 minutes)
Rights and Responsibilities (26:00)
In a society that is so economically, racially, and culturally diverse, how hard should people pursue individual and group rights? Does humanity’s modern obsession with rights create a self-obsessed world preoccupied by victimhood? Archbishop Rowan Williams thinks so, and worries that rights groups become static whenever civil liberties are obtained. Filmed at Lambeth Palace, this multifaceted program examines the conflicting ideals between group rights and the Anglican church as Williams argues his point to controversial civil rights lawyer Imran Khan, and to philosopher Jonathan Rée. (26 minutes)
Wearing Hijab: Uncovering the Myths of Islam in the United States (34:00)
In America, there are many misconceptions about Islam, particularly concerning its distinctive veil known as hijab. But how do Muslim women in this country who wear hijab feel about it? In this program, six Muslim women from six different ethnic backgrounds discuss their relation to this traditional garment, as well as what it means in a more general way to practice Islam in the U.S. Interviews with spouses and family members also shed light on the spiritual and cultural dimensions of this practice. A viewable/printable instructor’s guide is available online. (34 minutes)
War of the Sexes: Emotion (46:00)
When asked to describe birth from a baby’s perspective, a group of women talk about fear, elation, and other feelings—while their male counterparts summon only physical sensations. What causes such a contrast? This program explores the divergent emotional tendencies of men and women, throwing gender differences into bold relief through spontaneous theatrical exercises and expert commentary. While confirming that expression of and reaction to emotion varies according to sex, the program also demonstrates that the male psyche values emotion no less than the female—as suggested by a collaborative storytelling session in which men craft the more evocative tale. (45 minutes)
Love (51:00)
Science tells us a lot about sex, but what can it tell us about love? This program highlights research on the neurochemistry and psychology of love, suggesting ways to improve—and even salvage—long-term relationships. Four couples undergoing various types of relationship stress are put through a battery of experiments, while a team of research scientists try to determine the physiological and neurological factors that make love last. In the most daunting stress test that many couples will ever face, the scientists discover unique biochemical reactions to conflict and create a communication-building plan designed to turn troubled relationships around. A BBCW Production. (51 minutes)
Separate and Unequal (45:00)
In Jackson, Mississippi—a city only grazed by Hurricane Katrina—thousands of African-Americans face conditions familiar to the people of New Orleans. This NBC News documentary looks at problems that persist in Jackson and other American cities, despite progress, decades after the civil rights movement. Following several students at an inner city Jackson high school over the course of an academic year, the program demonstrates how drugs, poverty, teen pregnancy, and the absence of a father shape the lives of many young black people. Parents, educators, Jackson’s mayor, and wealthy African-Americans are also interviewed about the difficulties in their community. In addition, the film explores ways in which whites have or have not helped. Not available in French-speaking Canada. (45 minutes)
A Question of Fairness: The Affirmative Action Debate (50:00)
Entering a crucible of racial, political, and legal issues, this program explores America’s national debate over affirmative action. Viewers will receive a detailed look at the 2003 U.S. Supreme Court case which confirmed the legality of race-based academic admission criteria, as well as a behind-the-scenes examination of hiring policies at the Ford Motor Company. Observations from students, professors, legal plaintiffs, and activists shed light on the debate’s central concepts—including the economic legacy of slavery and the use of quotas and preferences. In addition, former Secretary of State Colin Powell describes the role affirmative action has played in his career. Original title: The First Black Man in the White House. (50 minutes)
Pornography: Is It Addictive? (04:60)
The porn study creator interviews experts in the fields of psychology, addictive behavior, cognitive therapy, and porn television. At issue is whether pornography can become addictive and whether the First Amendment protects pornography.
Porn Stars on Pornography (04:40)
Ron Jeremy, porn star, disagrees with experts who say pornography is addictive. A former porn star that became a physician discusses today's "no-limits" porn vs. the porn of several decades ago.
Sex Clubs and Brief History of Pornography (04:29)
Pornography study participants share their experiences with sex clubs and the effects of exposure to explicit sex on their personal lives. This animated, tongue-in-cheek segment shows a brief history of pornography from cave dwellers to Internet porn
Porn Stars, Venereal Disease, and Sexual Behavior (04:42)
Female porn stars discuss their experiences in the industry. A sex worker training video warns against sexually transmitted diseases. Participants in the porn study reveal some of the effects of viewing explicit sexual material.
Pornography and Educators (03:50)
The porn study creator attends the AAset conference for sexual educators and sexologists and wonders why one of its sponsors is a porn distributor. A married couple feels the strain of the husband's focus on pornography.
Sexually Oriented Businesses (SOBs) (03:51)
The film host gets a tour of an SOB where sexual toys, lingerie, and private sex shows are available. Several studies link SOBs with increased crime, decreased property value, and urban blight. Porn study subjects sign up for "kinky" sex.
Sex Club Experiences (04:56)
Joshua, a porn study participant, agrees to participate in a sexual encounter with a nude fantasy "guide." Both the single and married participant rated their thoughts and beliefs about sex and relationships after the study was complete.
Government Officials and Pornography (05:48)
The film host attempts to get answers from Senator Brownback and an FBI agent who investigates child pornography. Porn study participants share their belief changes and attitudes towards sex and relationships.
Postlude: Conclusions About Pornography (03:19)
The results of a Cal State study and an older study are compared to the porn study in this film. The host draws several conclusions about what the study revealed, and he asks cogent questions about pornography in society.
What Does it Mean to Be Beautiful? (02:08)
Beautiful women have a reputation for having everything they want. What is it really like to be beautiful and what does mean? Several random individuals give share their definitions of beauty.
Choosing Beautiful Women (00:52)
Two pageant winners, an exotic dancer, a former pop musician, a college student, an assistant paralegal, a physician, and an entrepreneur have been chosen for a discussion about being beautiful.
Hollywood Image of Beauty (02:03)
Two women who are considered beautiful by others are given makeovers in order to demonstrate some of the tricks used to give women a glamorous look.
Uncomfortable Beauty (01:16)
A woman who was chosen to participate in a documentary based on her beauty chooses not to continue with the project when she finds out the topic.
Silent Beauty (01:44)
Several women who are considered beautiful by others express embarrassment when asked to discuss themselves in those terms.
Acceptable Beauty (01:47)
Some of the beautiful documentary subjects grew up in families where beauty was emphasized. An African American woman shares her story of growing up with light skin in the South.
Beauty as an Asset (00:42)
An exotic dancer explains how she grew up under the impression that her looks would get her much further than her brains.
Ugly Ducklings (01:28)
Many women who are considered beautiful today grew up feeling ugly. Documentary participants share their feelings about growing up feeling less than beautiful.
Insecure Beauty (01:58)
Documentary subjects who are considered beautiful by others share what they perceive as their flaws. An exotic dancer discusses her insecurities about her body.
Beautiful Swans (02:00)
Documentary subjects share the moments they began to feel beautiful. A beauty pageant winner confesses she still does not consider herself beautiful.
Beauty as Power (01:33)
An exotic dancer describes the moment she realized that her beauty would take her further than college.
Beauty as a Blessing (01:13)
Women who are considered beautiful discuss the benefits of being beautiful. Feeling free to express themselves and ask others for help are two advantages.
Appreciated Beauty (01:57)
Women who are considered beautiful share stories of receiving gifts and special treatment from people they don't even know.
Professional Beauty (01:53)
Documentary subjects who are considered beautiful discuss the advantages of being beautiful in their professional fields.
Exploiting Beauty (01:56)
A former musician describes how she used her beauty to further her career. She knows that it was her looks not her talent that helped her achieve success.
Searching for Approval (01:28)
For one beautiful woman stripping was a continuation of the adulation she received winning beauty contests during her teen years. She describes exotic dancers as women with extremely low self esteem.
Beauty as a Curse (02:01)
Documentary subjects who are considered beautiful by others describe situations where their beauty was a hindrance in both personal and professional settings.
Beauty Stereotypes (01:22)
Documentary subjects who are considered beautiful discuss what it feels like to have their intelligence underestimated because of their beauty. A pageant winner proves that beautiful woman can be smart too.
Beauty and Conflict (02:15)
Beautiful documentary subjects describe problems with friends that were caused by their perceived physical beauty.
Beauty and Violence (02:22)
One beautiful documentary subject describes being beaten and sexually assaulted as a child and how these attacks related to her looks.
Cat Calls (02:01)
Beautiful documentary subjects describe getting attention from stranger and colleagues. Some women find it complimentary while others feel uncomfortable/
Negative Attention (01:13)
Two beautiful documentary subjects share stories that illustrate how beauty can draw negative comments and attention from men.
Love and Beauty (01:20)
Documentary subjects who are considered beautiful talk about how difficult it can be to find a date.
Beauty and Relationships (01:55)
An exotic dancer confesses that she cannot find a man who will love her for anything more than her looks. Her past relationships have been unhealthy and she believes she will end up alone.
Rock Star to Housewife (01:53)
A beautiful documentary subject who once relied on her looks describes what life was like once she left the glamorous music industry. After gaining a large amount of weight she had to cultivate her personality rather than rely on her good looks.
Beauty and Weight Issues (02:14)
A beautiful documentary subject describes her battle with weight. She explains how people treated her differently when she was overweight than they did when she was slim and beautiful.
Aging Beauty (01:36)
Beautiful documentary subjects discuss the aging process. Some want plastic surgery while others plan to embrace their mature beauty.
Beauty and Happiness (01:44)
Documentary subjects who are considered beautiful explain how their physical looks relate to overall satisfaction with life.
Overview of Research Goal (01:02)
Researchers explored the athletic differences in males and females. They looked at training regimes, anatomical differences, and the individual effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system.
Gender differences: Anatomy and Muscle Development (03:06)
Muscle development, anatomical differences, age, and body fat percentages all play significant roles in athletic performance. During puberty, the center of gravity shifts for both genders giving each an advantage in certain sports.
Estrogen and Testosterone (01:12)
Male and female hormones influence individual body fat percentages. Males have broader shoulders and greater upper body strength. This explains why women may come close to men in running events but not in throwing events.
Flexibility and Reaction Time (01:37)
Females have about seventy percent the strength of males. Females have more flexibility so they have an advantage in gymnastics. Males have quicker reaction time enabling them to do better in basketball, cricket, and sprinting events.
Gender Differences: Oxygen and Blood Flow (03:33)
Someone who is aerobically fit can consume more VO2, or oxygen uptake, than someone who isn't. The VO2 maximum for females is 70-85% that of males. VO2 maximums can be compared between individuals regardless of their gender or size.
Gender Differences: Heart and Lung Volumes (03:31)
Males have bigger heart and lung volumes. They also have a higher red blood cell count so they can better supply oxygen to the muscles. This gives them an advantage in aerobic activities. Females have higher heart rate than males.
Training Regimes and Training Effects (01:60)
Training can include both strength and endurance sessions. Elements in training can include the length, number, and intensity of sessions per week. High altitude training increases the number of red blood cells.
Trained vs. Untrained Individuals: Cardiovascular System (04:42)
The heart size actually increases with endurance training. The stroke volume increases with training and allows more blood to enter the heart with each beat. Trained individuals have lower heart rates at rest and during exercise than untrained individuals.
1930s: Overview of Film Industry (02:34)
Films in the 1930s push their expression of sex to more daring limits, while church leaders across the country demand action. Protestant and Jewish groups join Catholics in their censure of indecency in films. Movie studios suffer financially.
Mae West Rediscovers Sex in the Cinema (03:09)
By 1933, America's movie screens are awash with gold-diggers, harlots, and women of easy virtue. Then came Mae West, a "real" vamp of moving pictures. This segment features excerpts from "She Done Him Wrong" with West and Cary Grant.
Film Industry: Is Federal Censorship Needed? (02:54)
Others joined Barbara Stanwyk in her assault on the production code as Hollywood studios continued to test the limits. Paramount makes Faulkner's "Sanctuary" into a film, enraging critics, censors, and all "decent-minded" people.
Mae West: Box Office Star (01:59)
Scandalous "I'm No Angel" put Paramount Pictures in the black for the first time in years. Christians are rocked to the core at West's brazen vulgarity.
Downfall of Mae West (02:24)
The final act from Mae West's fall from grace is played out on radio in a racy version of "The Garden of Eden." The American press demands blood, and Congress wants to revoke NBC's license. Mae West is fired.
Movie Industry and Great Depression (01:45)
On December 5, 1933, Prohibition is lifted with the repeal of the 18th Amendment. The Dust Bowl dries up the Mid-West, and the Great Depression grips the nation. People flocked to America's air-conditioned movie theaters.
1930s Movie Star: Jean Harlow (02:37)
Jean Harlow, personification of sexuality in film, is affectionately known as "the Baby." Audiences adore the platinum blonde until her sudden death in 937. At the same time, the Production Code is the law of the land, and cleaning up Hollywood is its mission.
Hollywood's New Found Modesty: "It Happened One Night" (02:47)
Within the first 15 years of Hays's work enforcing the Production Code, Hollywood films are cleaned up. The Legion of Decency concerns itself with the influence of films on the thoughts and views of audiences. Excerpt from "It Happened One Night."
Golden Age of Hollywood (03:40)
Producers try to work within the confines of the Production Code while writers try to dance around it. The result? Hollywood's Golden Age. Cecil B. DeMille turns to the Bible for inspiration with films like "The Sign of the Cross."
Hedy Lamarr: Hollywood Sex Goddess (04:52)
Joe Breen, enforcer of the Production Code, castigates Hedy Lamarr's nudity in "Ecstasy." In "White Cargo," her exotic sensuality inspires American servicemen to flood MGM with love letters.
Decency Challenges Over "Gone With the Wind" (03:26)
Under the restrictions of the Production Code, producer David O. Selznick battles with Joe Breen over elements of "Gone With the Wind." The use of the word "damn" is unacceptable to Breen until Selznick is granted a special dispensation to use it.
Hollywood Glamour: Sweater Girl (01:48)
Filmmakers continue to find ways to circumvent the spirit of the Production Code. Lana Turner's trademark is the sweater, showing her every curve. Joe Breen soon forbids sweater shots
World War II and Hollywood Films (03:36)
During WWII, studio-sponsored USO and Victory Bond tours give patriotism a boost. Movie houses show star-spangled musicals and sexy comedies. War recruitment films feature stars like Veronica Lake in "I Wanted Wings."
WWII Sex Symbols: Pin-Up Girls (03:03)
For the war-weary soldiers, Hollywood provides girls--in movies like "Ziegfeld Girl." The War provides Hollywood with a new sex symbol, pin-up girls like Betty Grable, Dorothy Lamour, Marie MacDonald, and Lena Horne.
WWII Sex Symbols: Hollywood Love Goddesses (01:45)
Rita Hayworth is one of Hollywood's love goddesses. Every move she makes has a sexual connotation. Her photograph is pasted on the warhead of the first atomic bomb explosion. In real life, she is unlucky in love.
Director Assaults Production Code (03:10)
During WWII, Director Preston Sturges commands respect in Hollywood. He lampoons everything that society and the Hays office holds sacred. Films like "The Lady Eve" demonstrate that he believes sex is at the heart of every comedy.
Post WWII Star: Humphrey Bogart (03:31)
Post-WWII film goers demand films that examine the gray areas of morality. Humphrey Bogart embodies that spirit. He reflects a longing for truth and honesty in a world gone bad. Bogart and Lauren Bacall fall in love on-screen and off.
Prelude: Overview of Sexuality in Films (02:41)
The advent of moving pictures ignites the human imagination about human sexuality. While audiences gape, censors condemn the "evils" of sex on the screen. Hollywood becomes synonymous with sin, scandal, sex, and the silver screen.
Films Offend Decent Men (01:49)
Church and civic leaders are concerned over the rise in popularity of moving pictures. Too many films offend the sensibilities of the "guardians of public decency." Archival film footage shows some of the "risque" topics of early films.
First Femme Fatale of Film (03:19)
Sex symbol Theda Bara first appears in 1915 in "A Fool There Was," a film about a chaste older gentlemen who falls victim to an irresistible vamp. She is the public's first real taste of blatant, feminine sexuality. In 4 years, she makes 40 films.
Movie Industry: Reform and Censorship (02:53)
By 1915, the movies have moved West to California. Over the next 10 years, Hollywood becomes synonymous motion picture production--and decadence. The Supreme Court rules that motion pictures are not protected by the Constitution.
Director D.W. Griffith (01:44)
Pioneer film director D.W. Griffith was among the first to publicly protest the rising tide of censorship. He elaborates his feelings in his film "Intolerance," a film about love that included nudity and sex, but was a commercial failure.
Hollywood: Rise of Tinsel Town and Trial of Fatty Arbuckle (04:52)
Hollywood becomes a fantasy kingdom, one that celebrated a new breed of royalty, movie stars. Luxury industries catered to the burgeoning film industry and its stars. The dark side includes drug addicts, suicide, and orgies, until a tragedy brings the party to an end.
Movie Industry: Censorship and Self-Regulation (02:19)
The Fatty Arbuckle scandal gives rise to a nationwide call for reform of Hollywood and movie stars. Congress denounces the film industry as a "hot bed of drunkenness, ribaldry, and free love." The film industry wants to police itself.
Movie Industry: Law of Compensating Values (02:14)
In 1930, Will Hays authors the Production Code, a detailed description of what was morally acceptable on the screen. The Law of Compensating Values dictates that if and when skin is shown in films, the character is ultimately punished.